ls flags & options

-l

Long listing format. Shows permissions, owner, size, and modification date.

ls -l

-a, --all

Show all files including hidden files (starting with .).

ls -a

ls -la

-h, --human-readable

Show file sizes in human-readable format (K, M, G). Use with -l.

ls -lh

-R, --recursive

List subdirectories recursively.

ls -R

-t

Sort by modification time, newest first.

ls -lt

-S

Sort by file size, largest first.

ls -lS

-r, --reverse

Reverse the sort order.

ls -ltr

-1

List one file per line.

ls -1

-d

List directories themselves, not their contents.

ls -d */

ls -ld /etc

--color

Colorize output. Usually auto by default in most shells.

ls --color=always | less -R

-i, --inode

Show inode number for each file.

ls -li