sudo flags & options

-u

Run the command as a specified user instead of root.

sudo -u www-data whoami

sudo -u postgres psql

-s

Run a shell as the target user.

sudo -s

-i

Simulate a full login shell as the target user.

sudo -i

sudo -i -u deploy

-l, --list

List the allowed and forbidden commands for the current user.

sudo -l

-k

Invalidate the cached credentials, forcing password re-entry next time.

sudo -k

-E, --preserve-env

Preserve the current user's environment variables when running the command.

sudo -E ./build.sh

sudo -E env | grep HOME

-n, --non-interactive

Run non-interactively and fail instead of prompting for a password.

sudo -n systemctl restart nginx